Kamis, 15 Oktober 2009
Real Estate Licensee information and potential for misuse
Rabu, 14 Oktober 2009
Malocclusion: Disease of Civilization, Part IV
1: Prenatal Period
The major structures of the human face and jaws develop during the first trimester of pregnancy. The maxilla (upper jaw) takes form between the 7th and 10th week after conception. The mandible (lower jaw) begins two weeks earlier. The nasal septum, which is the piece of cartilage that forms the structure of the nose and divides the nostrils, appears at week seven and grows most rapidly from weeks 8 to 11. Any disturbance of this developmental window can have major consequences for later occlusion.
2: Early Postnatal Period
The largest postnatal increment in face and jaw growth occurs from birth until age 4. During this period, the deciduous (baby) teeth erupt, and the activity patterns of the jaw and tongue influence the size and shape of the maxilla and the mandible as they grow. The relationship of the jaws to one another is mostly determined during this period, although it can still change later in development.
During this period, the dental arch widens from its center, called the midpalatal suture. This ensures that the jaws are the correct size and shape to eventually accept the permanent teeth without crowding them.
3: Adolescence
The third major developmental period occurs between ages 11 and 16, depending on the gender and individual, and happens roughly at the same time as the growth spurt in height. The dental arch continues to widen, reaching its final size and shape. Under ideal circumstances, at the end of this period the arch should be large enough to accommodate all teeth, including the third molars (wisdom teeth), without crowding. Narrow dental arches cause malocclusion and third molar crowding.
Growth of the Dental Arch Over Time
The following graph shows the widening of the dental arch over time*. The dotted line represents arch growth while the solid line represents growth in body height. You can see that arch development slows down after 6 years old, resumes around 11, and finally ends at about 18 years. This graph represents the average of many children, so not all children will see these changes at the age indicated. The numbers are in millimeters per year, but keep in mind that the difference between a narrow arch and a broad one is only a few millimeters.
In the next few posts, I'll describe the factors that I believe influence jaw and face structure during the three critical periods of development.* These data represent many years of measurements collected by Dr. Arne Bjork, who used metallic implants in the maxilla to make precise measurements of arch growth over time in Danish youths. The graph is reproduced from the book A Synopsis of Craniofacial Growth, by Dr. Don M. Ranly. Data come from Dr. Bjork's findings published in the book Postnatal Growth and Development of the Maxillary Complex. You can see some of Dr. Bjork's data in the paper "Sutural Growth of the Upper Face Studied by the Implant Method" (free full text).
Laws & Regulations For Real Estate Activities
Selasa, 13 Oktober 2009
Skin problems
Skin problems are very common. Some stem from the natural processes that occur in your body as you develop into an adult. Others are caused by germs, injury, or environmental conditions. Some problems can be avoided and cared for through simple first aid. For more serious problems, you should see a dermatologist. A dermatologist is a doctor who treats skin disorders.
ACNE
Acne is a skin problem very common in teenagers. It is related to the natural change in the body during development, which cause an excess of sebum to be produced. The extra sebum causes blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples which are referred to as acne. A blackhead is plug of hardened sebum in a pore. The blackhead is darkened not by dirt but by exposure to air. A whitehead is plugged pore that is not exposed to air because the sebum has collected under the epidermis. Sometimes bacteria grow in trapped sebum. This causes pimples to form. A pimple is a blocked pore that is inflamed and infected. It may be filled with pus.
For many years, scientists thought that greasy foods or chocolate caused pimples. Recent research, however, has shown that foods rarely cause acne. Acne may become worse through eating some foods, though. The iodine in fish is one example. If you find that eating certain foods seems to increase your skin problems, avoid them.
Mild cases of acne can be treated by keeping the skin clean. Some dermatologists recommend washing the face with only a face cloth and warm water. Others suggest using only very mild soaps. You should also avoid picking or squeezing pimples and blackheads. Squeezing is likely to increase rather than relieve your problem, because it causes infection to spread.
If the acne is severe, you should consult your doctor. Serious cases of acne may result in scars. A doctor may prescribe various treatments, including the use of medicines. Overuse of some skin lotions may worsen the problems because they contribute to clogged pores. Use a cream or lotion only when suggested by your doctor. Fortunately, most people eventually outgrow their acne problems.
DERMATITIS
The word used to describe redness and swelling of the skin is dermatitis. Dermatitis is not a disease but a skin condition that may result from many different causes.
An allergy is a reaction of the body to an irritating substance. Pollen, dust, plants, and animals are common causes of various allergies. You may eat, breath in, or brush against the allergy causing substance. Some substances can affect your breathing or heart beat. At other times, your skin may be affected.
Eczema is a swelling and redness of the skin, including blisters and itching, usually caused by an allergic reaction. Sometimes it results from food, such as chocolate or tomatoes. Hives are bumps on the surface of the skin, usually caused by an allergic reaction to food or medicine. They may also be caused by emotional stress. The bumps may be small or cover large areas of the skin. Hives usually itch badly and burn. Your doctor may prescribe medicines to relieve the intense itching. If your think your have and allergic reaction, try to identify the cause so you can avoid it.
Dermatitis may be caused when a harsh or irritating substance touches the skin. Contact dermatitis, as it is called, can be caused by detergents, clothing, soaps, perfumes, hair dyes, and makeup.
One of the most common forms of contact dermatitis is a poison ivy rash. An oil in the sap of this plant causes the skin to turn red and blister, usually within 48 hours. Itching and burning usually occur. Some people even have headaches and fevers. With or without treatment, a poison ivy rash normally disappears within three weeks.
The oil in this sap is extremely potent. A single ounce of it can cause a rash on 28 million people. Even during the winter, the sap from a leafless broken vine can cause a reaction. The best way to avoid getting poison ivy is to avoid touching the plant.
SKIN INFECTIONS
Skin infections are problems caused by germs. They can generally be prevented by avoiding contact with an infected person or object. Different germs cause a variety of skin problems.
One of the skin infections caused by bacteria is an outbreak of boils. A boil is a hard, red lump that is tender to the touch and is caused by an infected hair follicle. Most boils will burst in about two weeks if left alone. Wet, hot compresses applied to the boil every few hours will relieve pain and encourage bursting. Do not pinch or mash a boil because this will spread the infection.
Another common bacterial infection is impetigo. Impetigo is a skin infection caused by bacteria and characterized by small blisters that form yellow crusts. The infection spreads easily and enters the body through breaks in the skin, such as insect bites, cuts, and scrapes. The infected areas should be washed several times a day, enough to soak off any crusts. If it is more than a mild case, a doctor should be seen. Medicines are used to fight the bacteria both internally and at the site of the infection.
A wart is skin growth caused by virus. Warts are common in teenagers. Usually warts will disappear without treatment after several months. Warts that occur on the face, soles of the feet, or in the genital area should be examined and treated by a doctor.
Fungal infections are infections caused by a group of organisms, including yeasts and molds, that cause redness, itching, and flaking of the skin. The two most common types of fungal skin infections are ringworm and athlete’s foot. Ringworm gets its name from the way it looks; it is not caused by a worm.Ringworm is a fungus that causes red, scaly, round patches. Ringworm can be transferred from person to person or from a pet to person. It is not serious and is easily treated.
Athlete’s foot is an irritating and sometimes painful fungal infection of the moist skin under and between the toes. The fungus causes the skin to become red, flaky, and itchy. Drying the feet well, using an antifungal cream or ointment, and wearing absorbent cotton socks will help to end the infection and prevent its return.
SCALP PROBLEMS
Small flakes of dead skin from the scalp are called dandruff. These flakes appear when the skin cells on the scalp grow very fast. Dandruff may be caused by mild forms of skin diseases, such as eczema or psoriasis, but it is usually not a serious problem. If regular shampooing and careful rinsing do not control the flaking, antidandruff shampoos may help. If the shampoo does not work after a few weeks of application, you may wish to see a dermatologist.
When tiny animals called lice infest the hair, the condition is called pediculosis. Lice feed on the scalp, causing it to itch. They may also cause a rash on the neck. Lice lay their eggs on hair shafts. The eggs are called nits. Unlike dandruff, the nits cannot be shaken off. The spread of pediculosis can be reduced by not sharing clothing, combs, and brushes with others. If you discover lice in your hair, you can comb away the nits with a fine-toothed comb wet with vinegar. Then wash your hair with a special medicated shampoo.
BURNS
Burns are cause by being in contact with hot object, hot liquids or vapors, or with electricity or chemicals. Burns destroy the skin and affect the body’s ability to fight infection. Burns also upset blood circulation. Burns are divided into First-degree, second-degree and third-degree burns depending on the damage they cause. First-degree burns are burns that injure only the epidermis and heal without leaving scars. These might be caused by mild sunburn. Second-degree burns are burns that injure the epidermis and part of the dermis and may leave some scarring. Swelling and blistering are involved. Second-degree burns may be caused by such things as hot liquid, steam, or extreme sunburns. Third-degree burns are burns that go through all layers of the skin and affect the tissue underneath. The skin may look white, very red, or even black. Most third-degree burns do not heal themselves. The damaged skin usually has to be removed and new skin grafted on.
SKIN CANCER
There are several different types of skin cancer. Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells that invade and destroy neighboring healthy tissue. Some skin cancers are small pink growths that increase in size, damaging surrounding tissues, but do not spread to other parts of the body. Other cancers begin as a lump that turns into an ulcer and may spread to other parts of the body. One common type of skin cancer is called melanoma. Melanomas are enlarged moles that bleed. They may flat or raised and vary in size. This type of skin cancer usually spreads through the body.
Skin cancer can be cured if it is identified and treated early. It can also be avoided by not getting too much sun. Skin cancer is a long-term danger of being exposed to ultraviolet rays. The risk of developing skin cancer increases with age and the number of years of exposure.
PROTECTION FROM HARMFUL SUN RAYS
Brief exposure to sunlight stimulates your skin to produce vitamin D. Vitamin D is necessary for the healthy formation of bones and teeth. However, overexposure to the ultraviolet rays from the sun can damaged your skin. Sunlamps at home and in tanning studios give off harmful ultraviolet rays just as the sun does. Good hygiene includes knowing how much sun you can get without harming your skin.
There are different preparations that protect your skin from sunlight, depending on your skin. These preparations are graded by number. The higher the number, the greater the degree of protection. People with fair skin are wise to select a sunscreen with a value over 10. Darker-skin individuals may be safe with a somewhat lower grade. When applying sunscreen, be careful to apply enough lotion to the nose, lips, shoulders, and knees, which burn more readily than other parts of the body.
Kidney Stones
If I have a Kidney stone when should I call a doctor?
If you have a kidney stone, you may already know how painful it can be. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without help from a doctor. But sometimes a stone will not just go away. It may even get larger. Your doctor can help.
You should call a doctor when you have:
extreme pain in your back or side that will not go away
blood in your urine
fever and chills
vomiting
urine that smells bad or looks cloudy
a burning feeling when you urinate
These may be signs of a kidney stone that needs a doctor's care.
What is a kidney stone?
A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in the kidney out of substances in the urine. A stone may stay in the kidney or break loose and travel down the urinary tract. A small stone may pass all the way out of the body without causing too much pain. A larger stone may get stuck in a ureter, the bladder, or the urethra. A problem stone can block the flow of urine and cause great pain.
Are all kidney stones the same ?
No. There are four major types of kidney stones.
The most common type of stone contains calcium (KAL-see-um). Calcium is a normal part of a healthy diet. The calcium that stays behind joins with other waste products to form a stone.
A struvite (STROO-vite) stone may form after an infection in the urinary system. These stones contain the mineral magnesium (mag-NEE-zee-um) and the waste product ammonia (uh-MOH-nyuh).
A uric (YOOR-ik) acid stone may form when there is too much acid in the urine. If you tend to form uric acid stones, you may need to cut back on the amount of meat you eat.
Cystine (SIS-teen) stones are rare. Cystine is one of the building blocks that make up muscles, nerves, and other parts of the body. Cystine can build up in the urine to form a stone. The disease that causes cystine stones runs in families.
What do kidney stones look like?
Kidney stones may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Some stones are even as big as golf balls. Stones may be smooth or jagged. They are usually yellow or brown.
What can my doctor do about kidney stones?
If you have a stone that will not pass by itself, your doctor may need to take steps to get rid of it. In the past, the only way to remove a problem stone was through surgery.
Now, doctors have new ways to remove problem stones. The following sections describe a few of these methods.
Health is Your Greatest Asset
I once heard Dr. Dennis Kimbro http://www.denniskimbro.com say on a television interview that most millionaires fail a few times in business, and suffer some bankruptcies before they become successful. Another salient point he made is that most of people become millionaires around fifty years of age. Why this is the case I don't exactly know, unlike Dr. Kimbro I can only speculate on these matters.
My observation of many people makes me think perhaps the middle-age launch into business ventures has to do with people finding the confidence later in life. You have to have self-assurance to risk business ventures. Usually people don't have this type of business confidence until after they have run other peoples businesses.
Or at least they feel more confident once they have worked for other people.
Andrew Morrison, the owner of Small Business Camp, http://www.smallbusinesscamp.com once alluding to the book "Think and Grow Rich" said that many men become more successful in their middle years because they are less focused on sexual pursuits. I can relate to this because when I was in my twenties I would be too focused on dating, to have the focus to run a viable business.
However, what would be the point of having a successful business if we don't have the health to enjoy it?
Most people would agree business is a very competitive and challenging. It also stands to reason you should try to be at peak performance when undertaking a business venture. This is why you should seriously consider investing in your health to afford you the extra push -- to drive you to business success.
Some of the major reasons you may want to bolster your health and overall fitness are because:
- Studies show exercise helps relieve stress
- Exercise helps elevate your mood
- Exercise will help you think more clearly
- Resistance training will help increase your muscle and bone density which tend to decrease with age
- Stretching after exercise will to help keep you flexible which also tends to decrease with age
- Regular strenuous exercise can help you increase natural hormones in you body like testosterone which will increase muscle mass, sexual desire, and overall health
These are just some of the many well-known benefits you will achieve with a regular exercise program. It is no wonder that I find many people who are successful in business come from athletic or sports backgrounds. Many successful entrepreneurs have a regular fitness programs.
If you are a woman who has had children and find yourself with some undesired pounds good balanced workout programs could be considered from people like Denise Austin http://www.deniseaustin.com or Donna Richardson http://www.donnarichardson.com . For men you may like the workouts of people like Billy Blanks and his TaeBo system.
According to fitness trainers like Denise Austin, the focus of your workout should be on the balance of strength training, aerobics, and flexibility.
Most fitness experts like Jason Martin of the BODeStore.com http://www.BODeStore.com make the point that strength training as alluded to earlier "will increase bone density and muscle mass, aerobics will burn fat and give you more cardio fitness, and yoga or martial arts will help counter the inflexibility associated with age".
One thing you may experience as you age is you don't obviously have the natural energy you had when you were sixteen years old. Another problem you may experience is pain in your joints like your knees.
If you notice pain in your knees and elbows especially on damp or humid days you may be experiencing the on-set of arthritis. Arthritis can be demoralizing when you are trying to obtain optimal health. It is definitely something you didn't have to worry about or contend with when you were in your twenties. Don't let arthritis totally derail your pursuit of health in your most productive midlife years!
Seek the help of your doctor and perhaps explore some alternative remedies of relief. Personally I have found that some alternative treatments to be superior to pharmaceutical drugs. I hear good things about the supplement Phosoplex(tm) in helping with arthritis and other joint problems.
The most important thing is to remember when embarking upon a health and fitness program is to do so with moderation. Don't overdue it and risk injury. Make sure you invest in good fitness shoes with good heel and ankle support. In Denise Austin's words "avoid boredom by doing various physical activities that you enjoy with your family". If you are quite a bit over weight maybe start out with walking more.
In the end what does if profit you to become a millionaire, but you are totally unfit to enjoy your investment? Like the saying goes "your health is your greatest asset".
You can see more of this health insights at: http://www.HealthandFitnessVitality.com.
Swine Flu Symptoms
The swine flu patients is increasing enormously throughout the world, through electronic media every one came to know about this disease but unfortunately until today no country get success to prevent this disease.
First of all what is the swine flu (H1N1)? This disease started from US somewhere in April 2009 afterwards same disease found in Russia, England, Canada, India and other countries, this disease expanding through person to person same like if you have normal flu virus.
In the first place it is very difficult to understand this virus in the patients. Because this swine flu in people are same to the symptoms of normal human flu which is includes normal fever, headache, fatigue, body paining, pain in the throat etc.
If you want to recognize swine flu symptoms in children the breathing of the children is very fast or very difficult for breathing, the skin color will become bluish or gray, the kid will not drink enough fluids, persistent or severe vomiting, children will not wake up early or he will not interact quickly, normal flue like symptoms will improve then it will return with fever and worst cough.
In adults if you want to recognize and take precautionary measures when you feel very difficult while breathe or little shortness of breath, the person will feel pain in the chest, sudden dizziness, person will become confused manner, continue vomiting, normal flu like symptoms after sometime it will back with fever and worse cough these all symptoms to identify swine flu in adults.
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